Diabetes

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic medical condition characterized by elevated blood glucose (sugar) levels due to the body's inability to produce enough insulin or effectively use the insulin it does produce. Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar, allowing it to enter cells for energy. There are two primary types of diabetes: Type 1, an autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, and Type 2, which is characterized by insulin resistance and eventual pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction. Type 2 diabetes is more common and often linked to lifestyle factors such as obesity, poor diet, and physical inactivity. Gestational diabetes, which occurs during pregnancy, is another form of the disease. Over time, uncontrolled diabetes can lead to serious complications, including heart disease, kidney failure, nerve damage, and vision problems. Management typically involves a combination of lifestyle modifications, blood sugar monitoring, medications, and sometimes insulin therapy.